How do I retrieve data strored on the chain using the sdk?

I am able to send a transaction to the network but how can I get back that transaction especially it payload data?

You can get all transactions using GetBlockItems endpoint.

If the transaction is in a block.

Do you mean getBlockItemStatus? And would it recover the data stored as a Register data?

For register data you can use GetBlockItemStatus which will in particular return the data that was registered. See Protocol Documentation, the data_registered variant.

I have tried retrieving the data but the data I sent is a simple text and now I am getting back a bunch of number like "“54657374”

Here is my retrieval function snippet:
const blockItem : BlockItemStatus = await client.getBlockItemStatus(transactionId);

    if (blockItem.status !== 'finalized') {
        return false;
    }

    const trxSummary: BlockItemSummary = blockItem.outcome.summary;

    if (trxSummary.type !== 'accountTransaction') {
        return false;
    }

    const trx = trxSummary.transactionType;

    if (trx !== 'registerData') {
        return false;
    }

    const data = trxSummary.dataRegistered.data.toString();

    return data;

The data is a byte array conceptually, represented as a hex string.

The hex string 54657374 when you decode it is the string Test.

So the dataRegistered.data is a hex string. You want to do something like

let str = Buffer::from(dataRegistered.data, 'hex').toString('utf8'); 

assuming you know the data it contains is a valid UTF8 string.

Thanks a lot. It worked.